概要:

excel导出在C#代码中应用己经很广泛了,我这里就做些总结,供自己和读者学习用。

Excel知识点。

一、添加引用和命名空间
添加Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel引用,它的默认路径是C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Visual Studio Tools for Office\PIA\Office12\Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll
代码中添加引用using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
二、Excel类的简单介绍
此命名空间下关于Excel类的结构分别为:
ApplicationClass - 就是我们的excel应用程序。
Workbook - 就是我们平常见的一个个excel文件,经常是使用Workbooks类对其进行操作。
Worksheet - 就是excel文件中的一个个sheet页。
Worksheet.Cells[row, column] - 就是某行某列的单元格,注意这里的下标row和column都是从1开始的,跟我平常用的数组或集合的下标有所不同。
知道了上述基本知识后,利用此类来操作excel就清晰了很多。
三、Excel的操作
任何操作Excel的动作首先肯定是用excel应用程序,首先要new一个ApplicationClass 实例,并在最后将此实例释放。
 

 
ApplicationClass xlsApp
=
new
ApplicationClass();
//
1. 创建Excel应用程序对象的一个实例,相当于我们从开始菜单打开Excel应用程序。
if
(xlsApp
==
null
)
{
//
对此实例进行验证,如果为null则表示运行此代码的机器可能未安装Excel
}
1. 打开现有的Excel文件
 
Workbook workbook
=
xlsApp.Workbooks.Open(excelFilePath, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
Worksheet mySheet
=
workbook.Sheets[
1
]
as
Worksheet;
//
第一个sheet页
mySheet.Name
=
"
testsheet
"
;
//
这里修改sheet名称
2.复制sheet页
 
mySheet.Copy(Type.Missing, workbook.Sheets[
1
]);
//
复制mySheet成一个新的sheet页,复制完后的名称是mySheet页名称后加一个(2),这里就是testsheet(2),复制完后,Worksheet的数量增加一个
注意 这里Copy方法的两个参数,指是的复制出来新的sheet页是在指定sheet页的前面还是后面,上面的例子就是指复制的sheet页在第一个sheet页的后面。
3.删除sheet页
 
xlsApp.DisplayAlerts
=
false
;
//
如果想删除某个sheet页,首先要将此项设为fasle。
(xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[
1
]
as
Worksheet).Delete();
4.选中sheet页
 
(xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[
1
]
as
Worksheet).Select(Type.Missing);
//
选中某个sheet页
5.另存excel文件
 
workbook.Saved
=
true
;
workbook.SaveCopyAs(filepath);
6.释放excel资源
 
workbook.Close(
true
, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
workbook
=
null
;
xlsApp.Quit();
xlsApp
=
null
;
一般的我们传入一个DataTable生成Excel代码
 
///
<summary>
///
///
</summary>
///
<param name="dt"></param>
protected
void
ExportExcel(DataTable dt)
{
if
(dt
==
null
||
dt.Rows.Count
==
0
)
return
;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp
=
new
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
if
(xlApp
==
null
)
{
return
;
}
System.Globalization.CultureInfo CurrentCI
=
System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture
=
new
System.Globalization.CultureInfo(
"
en-US
"
);
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks
=
xlApp.Workbooks;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook
=
workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet
=
(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[
1
];
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range;
long
totalCount
=
dt.Rows.Count;
long
rowRead
=
0
;
float
percent
=
0
;
for
(
int
i
=
0
; i
<
dt.Columns.Count; i
++
)
{
worksheet.Cells[
1
, i
+
1
]
=
dt.Columns[i].ColumnName;
range
=
(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[
1
, i
+
1
];
range.Interior.ColorIndex
=
15
;
range.Font.Bold
=
true
;
}
for
(
int
r
=
0
; r
<
dt.Rows.Count; r
++
)
{
for
(
int
i
=
0
; i
<
dt.Columns.Count; i
++
)
{
worksheet.Cells[r
+
2
, i
+
1
]
=
dt.Rows[r][i].ToString();
}
rowRead
++
;
percent
=
((
float
)(
100
*
rowRead))
/
totalCount;
}
xlApp.Visible
=
true
;
}
如果要在excel中插入图片,我们需要把代码加入一行即可,如下所示
 
protected
void
ExportExcel(DataTable dt)
{
if
(dt
==
null
||
dt.Rows.Count
==
0
)
return
;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp
=
new
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
if
(xlApp
==
null
)
{
return
;
}
System.Globalization.CultureInfo CurrentCI
=
System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture
=
new
System.Globalization.CultureInfo(
"
en-US
"
);
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks
=
xlApp.Workbooks;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook
=
workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet
=
(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[
1
];
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range;
long
totalCount
=
dt.Rows.Count;
long
rowRead
=
0
;
float
percent
=
0
;
for
(
int
i
=
0
; i
<
dt.Columns.Count; i
++
)
{
worksheet.Cells[
1
, i
+
1
]
=
dt.Columns[i].ColumnName;
range
=
(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[
1
, i
+
1
];
range.Interior.ColorIndex
=
15
;
}
for
(
int
r
=
0
; r
<
dt.Rows.Count; r
++
)
{
for
(
int
i
=
0
; i
<
dt.Columns.Count; i
++
)
{
try
{
worksheet.Cells[r
+
2
, i
+
1
]
=
dt.Rows[r][i].ToString();
}
catch
{
worksheet.Cells[r
+
2
, i
+
1
]
=
dt.Rows[r][i].ToString().Replace(
"
=
"
,
""
);
}
}
rowRead
++
;
percent
=
((
float
)(
100
*
rowRead))
/
totalCount;
}
worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture(
"
C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif
"
, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue,
100
,
200
,
200
,
300
);
worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1,
"
123456
"
,
"
Red
"
,
15
, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue,
150
,
200
);
xlApp.Visible
=
true
;
}
我们调用如下:
 
public
void
GenerateExcel()
{
DataTable dt
=
new
DataTable();
dt.Columns.Add(
"
Name
"
,
typeof
(
string
));
dt.Columns.Add(
"
Age
"
,
typeof
(
string
));
DataRow dr
=
dt.NewRow();
dr[
"
Name
"
]
=
"
spring
"
;
dr[
"
Age
"
]
=
"
20
"
;
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
dt.AcceptChanges();
ExportExcel(dt);
}

运行结果如下所示:

其中如下代码的作用是

 

 
worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture(
"
C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif
"
, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue,
100
,
200
,
200
,
300
);
在Excel的指定位置加入图片
 
worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1,
"
123456
"
,
"
Red
"
,
15
, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue,
150
,
200
);

在Excel的指定位置加入文本框,和里面的内容.

我们可以这样来设计一个ExcelBase的基类:

先创建一个ExcelBE.cs:

 

 
public
class
ExcelBE
{
private
int
_row
=
0
;
private
int
_col
=
0
;
private
string
_text
=
string
.Empty;
private
string
_startCell
=
string
.Empty;
private
string
_endCell
=
string
.Empty;
private
string
_interiorColor
=
string
.Empty;
private
bool
_isMerge
=
false
;
private
int
_size
=
0
;
private
string
_fontColor
=
string
.Empty;
private
string
_format
=
string
.Empty;
public
ExcelBE(
int
row,
int
col,
string
text,
string
startCell,
string
endCell,
string
interiorColor,
bool
isMerge,
int
size,
string
fontColor,
string
format)
{
_row
=
row;
_col
=
col;
_text
=
text;
_startCell
=
startCell;
_endCell
=
endCell;
_interiorColor
=
interiorColor;
_isMerge
=
isMerge;
_size
=
size;
_fontColor
=
fontColor;
_format
=
format;
}
public
ExcelBE()
{ }
public
int
Row
{
get
{
return
_row; }
set
{ _row
=
value; }
}
public
int
Col
{
get
{
return
_col; }
set
{ _col
=
value; }
}
public
string
Text
{
get
{
return
_text; }
set
{ _text
=
value; }
}
public
string
StartCell
{
get
{
return
_startCell; }
set
{ _startCell
=
value; }
}
public
string
EndCell
{
get
{
return
_endCell; }
set
{ _endCell
=
value; }
}
public
string
InteriorColor
{
get
{
return
_interiorColor; }
set
{ _interiorColor
=
value; }
}
public
bool
IsMerge
{
get
{
return
_isMerge; }
set
{ _isMerge
=
value; }
}
public
int
Size
{
get
{
return
_size; }
set
{ _size
=
value; }
}
public
string
FontColor
{
get
{
return
_fontColor; }
set
{ _fontColor
=
value; }
}
public
string
Formart
{
get
{
return
_format; }
set
{ _format
=
value; }
}
}
接下来创建ExcelBase.cs:
 
public
class
ExcelBase
{
private
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application app
=
null
;
private
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook
=
null
;
private
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet
=
null
;
private
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range workSheet_range
=
null
;
public
ExcelBase()
{
createDoc();
}
public
void
createDoc()
{
try
{
app
=
new
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
app.Visible
=
true
;
workbook
=
app.Workbooks.Add(
1
);
worksheet
=
(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Sheets[
1
];
}
catch
(Exception e)
{
Console.Write(
"
Error
"
);
}
finally
{
}
}
public
void
InsertData(ExcelBE be)
{
worksheet.Cells[be.Row, be.Col]
=
be.Text;
workSheet_range
=
worksheet.get_Range(be.StartCell, be.EndCell);
workSheet_range.MergeCells
=
be.IsMerge;
workSheet_range.Interior.Color
=
GetColorValue(be.InteriorColor);
workSheet_range.Borders.Color
=
System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb();
workSheet_range.ColumnWidth
=
be.Size;
workSheet_range.Font.Color
=
string
.IsNullOrEmpty(be.FontColor)
?
System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb() : System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb();
workSheet_range.NumberFormat
=
be.Formart;
}
private
int
GetColorValue(
string
interiorColor)
{
switch
(interiorColor)
{
case
"
YELLOW
"
:
return
System.Drawing.Color.Yellow.ToArgb();
case
"
GRAY
"
:
return
System.Drawing.Color.Gray.ToArgb();
case
"
GAINSBORO
"
:
return
System.Drawing.Color.Gainsboro.ToArgb();
case
"
Turquoise
"
:
return
System.Drawing.Color.Turquoise.ToArgb();
case
"
PeachPuff
"
:
return
System.Drawing.Color.PeachPuff.ToArgb();
default
:
return
System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb();
}
}
}
调用的代码如下:
 
private
void
btnRun_Click(
object
sender, EventArgs e)
{
ExcelBase excel
=
new
ExcelBase();
//
creates the main header
ExcelBE be
=
null
;
be
=
new
ExcelBE (
5
,
2
,
"
Total of Products
"
,
"
B5
"
,
"
D5
"
,
"
YELLOW
"
,
true
,
10
,
"
n
"
,
null
);
excel.InsertData(be);
//
creates subheaders
be
=
new
ExcelBE (
6
,
2
,
"
Sold Product
"
,
"
B6
"
,
"
B6
"
,
"
GRAY
"
,
true
,
10
,
""
,
null
);
excel.InsertData(be);
be
=
new
ExcelBE(
6
,
3
,
""
,
"
C6
"
,
"
C6
"
,
"
GRAY
"
,
true
,
10
,
""
,
null
);
excel.InsertData(be);
be
=
new
ExcelBE (
6
,
4
,
"
Initial Total
"
,
"
D6
"
,
"
D6
"
,
"
GRAY
"
,
true
,
10
,
""
,
null
);
excel.InsertData(be);
//
add Data to cells
be
=
new
ExcelBE (
7
,
2
,
"
114287
"
,
"
B7
"
,
"
B7
"
,
null
,
false
,
10
,
""
,
"
#,##0
"
);
excel.InsertData(be);
be
=
new
ExcelBE (
7
,
3
,
""
,
"
C7
"
,
"
C7
"
,
null
,
false
,
10
,
""
,
null
);
excel.InsertData(be);
be
=
new
ExcelBE(
7
,
4
,
"
129121
"
,
"
D7
"
,
"
D7
"
,
null
,
false
,
10
,
""
,
"
#,##0
"
);
excel.InsertData(be);
//
add percentage row
be
=
new
ExcelBE(
8
,
2
,
""
,
"
B8
"
,
"
B8
"
,
null
,
false
,
10
,
""
,
""
);
excel.InsertData(be);
be
=
new
ExcelBE(
8
,
3
,
"
=B7/D7
"
,
"
C8
"
,
"
C8
"
,
null
,
false
,
10
,
""
,
"
0.0%
"
);
excel.InsertData(be);
be
=
new
ExcelBE(
8
,
4
,
""
,
"
D8
"
,
"
D8
"
,
null
,
false
,
10
,
""
,
""
);
excel.InsertData(be);
//
add empty divider
be
=
new
ExcelBE(
9
,
2
,
""
,
"
B9
"
,
"
D9
"
,
"
GAINSBORO
"
,
true
,
10
,
""
,
null
);
excel.InsertData(be);
}

结果如下图所示: